Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), often called an enlarged prostate, is a non-cancerous condition where the prostate gland, located below the bladder in men, grows more prominent. This is a standard part of aging, affecting many men as they get older. While BPH itself isn’t cancer, it can cause bothersome urinary symptoms.
These symptoms from an enlarged prostate gland can significantly impact a man’s quality of life. Understanding the symptoms, how BPH is diagnosed, and the available treatment options is crucial for managing this condition and maintaining men’s health.
Symptoms Of BPH
The enlarged prostate can put pressure on the urethra, the tube that carries urine out of the body, leading to a variety of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). These symptoms can vary in severity but often include:
- Increased frequency of urination
This may involve needing to urinate more often than usual, especially at night (nocturia).
- Urgency
A strong and sudden urge to urinate that can be difficult to control.
- Weak urine stream or dribbling
Difficulty maintaining a strong and steady urine flow, or experiencing dribbling after urination.
- Difficulty starting urination (hesitancy)
Trouble initiating the urine stream, even when the urge is present.
- Incomplete emptying of the bladder
The sensation that the bladder is not completely empty after urination.
- Straining to urinate
Needing to push or strain to urinate.
Diagnosing BPH
Diagnosing BPH involves a comprehensive evaluation by a doctor. The process may include:
- Medical history and physical exam
The doctor will ask about your symptoms and overall health.
- Digital rectal exam (DRE)
The doctor inserts a gloved finger into the rectum to feel the prostate and assess its size and texture.
- Urine test
This checks for infection or other abnormalities in the urine.
- PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) blood test
PSA is a protein produced by the prostate. Elevated PSA levels can indicate BPH, prostate cancer, or other prostate conditions. It’s important to discuss the benefits and risks of PSA testing with your doctor.
- Urodynamic tests
These tests measure the flow of urine and assess bladder function.
- Cystoscopy
A thin tube with a camera is inserted into the urethra to visualize the urethra and bladder.
- Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)
An ultrasound probe is inserted into the rectum to create images of the prostate.
Treatment Options For BPH
The treatment for BPH depends on the severity of symptoms and individual preferences. Options include:
- Watchful Waiting
For men with mild symptoms, watchful waiting may be recommended. This involves regular monitoring of symptoms without active treatment.
- Alpha-blockers
These medications relax the muscles in the prostate and bladder neck, making it easier to urinate.
- 5-alpha reductase inhibitors
These medications can shrink the prostate gland over time.
- Combination therapy
A combination of alpha-blockers and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors may be used for more effective symptom relief.
- Transurethral Resection of the Prostate
A portion of the enlarged prostate is removed using an instrument inserted through the urethra.
- Laser prostatectomy
Laser energy is used to remove or destroy excess prostate tissue.
- Urethral lift
Tiny implants are used to lift and hold the enlarged prostate tissue away from the urethra.
- Prostatic artery embolization
Tiny particles are injected into the arteries that supply blood to the prostate, reducing its size.
- Surgery
Surgery is typically reserved for men with severe BPH symptoms or complications. Open prostatectomy (surgical removal of the prostate) is a more invasive procedure.
Living with BPH
Managing BPH often involves a combination of lifestyle changes, medication, and/or procedures. Regular follow-up with your doctor is crucial for monitoring your symptoms and ensuring the effectiveness of your treatment plan.
Lifestyle Changes To Manage BPH Symptoms
While medical treatments are often necessary for BPH, several lifestyle changes can significantly help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. These adjustments can be beneficial for men with mild to moderate BPH or those who are using watchful waiting as a management strategy.
- Fluid Management
Pay attention to your fluid intake, especially before bedtime.
- Dietary Adjustments
Certain foods and beverages can irritate the bladder and worsen BPH symptoms. Limit or avoid caffeine (coffee, tea, soda), alcohol, and spicy foods. These substances can increase urination frequency and urgency. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and fiber can promote healthy bowel movements and reduce straining, which can be beneficial for BPH.
- Regular Exercise
Regular physical activity can improve overall health and may also help with BPH symptoms. Exercise can reduce stress, improve bladder control, and contribute to a healthier weight, which can lessen pressure on the prostate.
- Bladder Training
Bladder training involves gradually increasing the time between bathroom visits. This can help strengthen the bladder muscles and improve bladder control, reducing frequency and urgency.
- Double Voiding
This technique involves urinating once, waiting a few moments, and then urinating again to ensure the bladder is as empty as possible. This can help reduce the feeling of incomplete emptying.
- Managing Constipation
Constipation can worsen BPH symptoms. Increasing fiber intake, drinking plenty of water, and regular exercise can help prevent constipation. Talk to your doctor about safe laxatives or stool softeners if needed.
- Pelvic Floor Exercises
Strengthening the pelvic floor muscles can improve bladder control and reduce urinary leakage. These exercises involve squeezing the muscles you use to stop the flow of urine. Your doctor or a physical therapist can provide instructions on how to perform Kegels correctly.
- Stress Management
Stress can exacerbate BPH symptoms. Finding healthy ways to manage stress, such as through relaxation techniques, yoga, or meditation, can be beneficial.
Conclusion
Understanding the symptoms, diagnostic process, and treatment options is crucial for managing this condition effectively. Don’t hesitate to seek medical advice for any urinary symptoms you may be experiencing. Early intervention can help prevent complications and improve your overall well-being.
Find Expert Care For BPH
If you’re experiencing symptoms of an enlarged prostate or have concerns about your prostate health, visit www.rama.mahidol.ac.th to connect with the specialists at Ramathibodi Hospital. Schedule a consultation and get the personalized care you deserve.
Frequently Asked Questions
- Does an enlarged prostate mean I have prostate cancer?
No, an enlarged prostate (BPH) is not the same as prostate cancer. BPH is a non-cancerous growth of the prostate gland, while prostate cancer is a malignant tumor. However, both conditions can cause similar symptoms, so it’s essential to see a doctor for proper diagnosis. A digital rectal exam and PSA test can help differentiate between the two, but further tests may be necessary.
- Can BPH affect my sexual function?
Yes, BPH can sometimes affect sexual function. The urinary symptoms associated with BPH can indirectly impact sexual activity. In some cases, BPH or its treatments (like certain medications) can contribute to erectile dysfunction or changes in ejaculation. It’s important to discuss any concerns about sexual function with your doctor.
- Are there any natural remedies for BPH?
While some natural remedies, such as saw palmetto, have been suggested for BPH symptoms, the scientific evidence supporting their effectiveness is limited. It’s crucial to consult with your doctor before using any natural remedies, as they may interact with other medications or have side effects. Don’t rely solely on natural remedies without discussing them with a healthcare professional.
- What are the risks of untreated BPH?
Untreated BPH can lead to several complications. These can include acute urinary retention (inability to urinate), which requires immediate medical attention. Other potential risks include chronic urinary retention, bladder stones, urinary tract infections, and kidney damage due to backflow of urine.
- How often should I get screened for BPH?
There are no official guidelines recommending a specific age to begin BPH screening, and the frequency of screening is also individualized. It’s best to discuss your individual risk factors and any urinary symptoms you are experiencing with your doctor. They can help determine when and how often you should be screened based on your specific situation. The decision about screening is a personal one and should be made after a conversation with your physician.