What Are the Best Treatment Options for Hand Arthritis?


Arthritis Pain Relief - MVPT Physical Therapy

Introduction

Hand arthritis is a common condition that affects the joints of the hands, causing pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. It can significantly impact daily activities, from writing to cooking. While arthritis is often associated with ageing, it can also develop due to joint injuries, such as a scaphoid fracture, which may require surgical intervention. This article explores the best hand arthritis treatment options for managing, helping individuals maintain function and reduce discomfort.

Understanding Hand Arthritis

Types of Hand Arthritis

There are several types of arthritis that commonly affect the hands:

  • Osteoarthritis (OA): The most prevalent type, caused by the breakdown of cartilage in the joints.
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): An autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks the joints, leading to inflammation.
  • Psoriatic Arthritis: Often associated with psoriasis, this type of arthritis can affect the small joints in the hands.

Symptoms of Hand Arthritis

  • Pain and tenderness in the joints.
  • Swelling and stiffness, particularly in the morning.
  • Reduced range of motion.
  • Formation of bony lumps or nodules around the joints.

Causes and Risk Factors

While ageing is a significant risk factor, other contributors to hand arthritis include:

  • Previous Injuries: A scaphoid fracture or other wrist and hand injuries can increase the likelihood of developing arthritis in the affected joints.
  • Genetics: A family history of arthritis may predispose individuals to the condition.
  • Repetitive Use: Jobs or activities that require repetitive hand motions can contribute to wear and tear on the joints.

Best Treatment Options for Hand Arthritis

Treatment for hand arthritis focuses on relieving symptoms, improving function, and slowing disease progression. Depending on the severity, options may include non-surgical and surgical approaches.

Non-Surgical Treatments

Medications

  • Pain Relievers: Over-the-counter medications, such as paracetamol or ibuprofen, can alleviate mild pain.
  • Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can reduce inflammation and pain.
  • Topical Creams: Creams containing capsaicin or NSAIDs can be applied directly to the joints.
  • Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs): For rheumatoid arthritis, DMARDs help slow disease progression.

Hand Therapy

Occupational or physical therapy can help improve hand strength and flexibility. Therapists may recommend:

  • Stretching Exercises: To maintain joint mobility.
  • Strengthening Exercises: To support the affected joints.
  • Splints or Braces: To stabilise the joints and reduce strain during activities.

Lifestyle Modifications

  • Avoid activities that worsen symptoms, such as gripping heavy objects.
  • Use ergonomic tools or devices designed to minimise hand strain.
  • Apply heat or cold packs to relieve pain and stiffness.

Corticosteroid Injections

Injections of corticosteroids directly into the affected joint can provide temporary relief from inflammation and pain.

Alternative Therapies

Complementary treatments, such as acupuncture or massage therapy, may help some individuals manage symptoms.

Surgical Treatments

When non-surgical methods are insufficient, surgery may be recommended to relieve pain and restore function.

Joint Fusion (Arthrodesis)

In this procedure, the affected joint is permanently fused to eliminate pain. While this restricts motion, it can provide significant relief for severe arthritis.

Joint Replacement (Arthroplasty)

For larger joints in the hands, joint replacement surgery involves replacing the damaged joint with an artificial implant. This procedure is more common in advanced cases of arthritis.

Tendon Transfer Surgery

If arthritis affects the tendons, a tendon transfer may improve hand function.

Scaphoid Fracture Surgery and Arthritis Management

If arthritis develops following a scaphoid fracture, addressing the underlying fracture is crucial. Scaphoid fracture surgery involves stabilising the bone with screws or pins to promote healing. This may help prevent or reduce arthritis in the wrist joint.

Emerging Treatments

Recent advancements in regenerative medicine are offering new hope for arthritis patients:

  • Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Therapy: PRP involves injecting concentrated platelets into the affected joint to stimulate healing and reduce inflammation.
  • Stem Cell Therapy: This experimental treatment uses stem cells to regenerate damaged cartilage and tissue in the joint.

Managing Arthritis Long Term

Regular Monitoring

Regular check-ups with a healthcare professional can help monitor arthritis progression and adjust treatment as needed.

Staying Active

Engage in low-impact activities like swimming or yoga to maintain joint mobility and overall health.

Balanced Diet

A diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods, such as fruits, vegetables, fish, and nuts, may help reduce arthritis symptoms.

Protecting the Joints

Use assistive devices and ergonomic tools to minimise strain on the hands and wrists.

Conclusion

Hand arthritis can significantly affect quality of life, but a range of treatment options can help manage symptoms and maintain function. From medications and therapy to surgical interventions like scaphoid fracture surgery, tailored approaches ensure the best outcomes. For individuals seeking relief, early diagnosis and proactive management are key to preventing severe complications. If you suspect you have arthritis in your hands, consult a qualified healthcare professional to explore the best treatment options for your needs. Staying active with low-impact exercises, such as swimming or water aerobics, can help maintain joint flexibility and strength, while assistive devices like splints or adaptive utensils can make daily tasks easier.

Remember, every individual’s experience with hand arthritis is unique, and treatment plans should be personalised to address specific symptoms and goals.